Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate oral conditions, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents. METHODS: Umbrella review, conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes (PRISMA) checklist. The search strategy used a combination of words, applied in the electronic databases PubMed, WebScience, Embase, Lilacs, Scopus and Cochrane. Included publications until January 2022, without restrictions. Data collection took place with systematized practices and the eligibility criteria were studies focusing on OHRQoL; teenagers; adolescentes; present the term "systematic review" and/or "meta-analysis" in the title or abstract. The quality assessment followed the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) and the adherence of the article to the PRISMA was verified. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-two articles were identified, and 22 were included, published between 2009 and 2022. 21 Systematic reviews focused on the English language. Most studies showed heterogeneity in the methodological structuring process: 10 articles were considered of low and 10 critically low quality. Clinical conditions associated with worsening in quality of life were dental caries, malocclusion, dental trauma, toothache, edentulism, need for orthodontic treatment, irregular brushing, and periodontal disease. Socioeconomic factors related to housing, parental education, access to health care, absence of siblings and nuclear family influence OHRQoL. Completion of orthodontic treatment, health promotion programs, dental care and safe housing all have a positive impact. CONCLUSION: Worse oral health status, older age, female sex and worse socioeconomic status were significantly associated with worse OHRQoL. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD4202129352.

Qual a importância da detecção de lesões iniciais de cárie em crianças pré-escolares? Evidências de um estudo de coorte com 2 anos de acompanhamento / What is the importance of detecting initial caries lesions in preschool children? Evidences from a cohort study with 2 years of follow-up

Os objetivos desse estudo de coorte realizado em crianças pré-escolares foram: (1) avaliar a validade preditiva e de constructo utilizando um critério de avaliação de atividade de lesões de cárie associado ao Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie (ICDAS, do inglês International Caries Detection and Assessment System); (2) avaliar o risco de superfícies hígidas, com lesões iniciais de cárie (escores 1 e 2 do ICDAS) e lesões moderadas (escores 3 e 4) progredirem para lesões cavitadas em dentina (escores 5 e 6 do ICDAS) em dentes decíduos; (3) avaliar a influência da presença de lesões iniciais no risco de desenvolvimento de lesões de cárie; (4) avaliar se o impacto da cárie dentária na qualidade de vida de crianças se altera com o incremento de novas lesões ao longo do tempo; e (5) avaliar o impacto da cárie dentária em diferentes estágios de severidade na piora da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em crianças. Um exame inicial foi realizado por 15 examinadores durante o Dia Nacional de Vacinação em junho de 2010, na cidade de Santa Maria (RS). Nesse dia, 639 crianças de um a cinco anos de idade foram examinadas utilizando o ICDAS para detecção das lesões de cárie e um critério adicional para avaliação da atividade das lesões de cárie. Outras variáveis demográficas e socioeconômicas relacionadas a cada criança foram coletadas com os pais das crianças. Um questionário para avaliar o impacto das condições bucais na qualidade de vida das crianças (ECOHIS, do inglês Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale) também foi aplicado aos pais...

The aims of the present cohort study carried out in preschool children were: (1) to evaluate predictive and construct validity of an additional criteria to assess caries lesions activity associated to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS); (2) to evaluate the risk of sound surfaces, initial (scores 1 and 2 of ICDAS) and moderate caries lesions (ICDAS scores 3 and 4) to progress to dentin cavitated lesions (ICDAS scores 5 and 6) in primary teeth; (3) to investigate the influence of presence of initial caries lesions on risk of occurrence of new caries lesions; (4) to evaluate if the impact of dental caries on quality of life of children suffers worsening due to the occurrence of new caries lesions; and (5) to investigate the impact of dental caries in different stages of progression on worsening of oral health-related quality of life. An initial examination was conducted by 15 examiners during the National Children's Vaccination Day in June, 2010, in Santa Maria (RS). At this day, 639 children aged from one to five years were examined using the ICDAS for the detection of caries lesions and with an additional criteria for evaluation of caries lesions activity. Other demographic and socioeconomic variables related to each child were collected with the children's guardians. A questionnaire to evaluate the impact of oral health on quality of life of the children (Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale - ECOHIS) was also applied for the parents...

Assessing individual and neighborhood social factors in child oral health-related quality of life: a multilevel analysis.

PURPOSE: It has been suggested that subjective measures of oral health are influenced by both individual and contextual characteristics. This study assessed the relationship between neighborhood and individual social networks and child oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL). METHODS: This study followed a cross-sectional design using a multistage sample of 478 children aged 1-5 years old. Caregivers completed the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and answered questions related to socioeconomic status and social network. The dental examination provided information on the prevalence of dental caries, dental trauma, and occlusion. Contextual social determinants included the presence of cultural community centers and of workers' association in the neighborhood. Data analysis considered the total ECOHIS scores as the outcome and neighborhood/individual social networks as the independent variables. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to investigate the association among individual and contextual characteristics and COHRQoL. RESULTS: Total ECOHIS scores ranged from 0 to 41 (possible range 0-52). The mean ECOHIS score was low (mean = 1.8, SD = 3.9), and the functional domain presented the highest mean impact on COHRQoL (mean = 0.5, SD = 1.4). Following adjusted analysis, low household income, visiting a neighbor less than once a month, the presence of anterior open bite, dental trauma, and dental caries were identified as individual determinants of negative impact on a child's quality of life. These variables remained associated with the outcome even after adding the contextual-level variables in the model. At the contextual level, the presence of community cultural centers was associated with overall mean ECOHIS score; higher impacts on COHRQoL were observed in those living in neighborhoods without cultural community centers. CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between individual and contextual social determinants and COHRQoL; unfavorable social conditions and poor socioeconomic status have a negative impact on caregiver reports of children's oral health-related quality of life.

Socioeconomic and clinical factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian preschool children

The aim of this paper was to assess the epidemiology of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in preschool children and its relation to socioeconomic and clinical factors. This study was carried out in Santa Maria, Brazil, during National Children's Vaccination Day, and 441 children aged 12 to 59 months were included. Data about socioeconomic status were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire administered to parents. Calibrated examiners evaluated the prevalence of TDI, overjet, and lip coverage. Data were analyzed with a Poisson regression model (PR; 95% confidence intervals). The TDI prevalence was 31.7%. The maxillary central incisors were the most frequently traumatized teeth. The most common TDI was enamel fracture. No association was found between TDI prevalence and the socioeconomic status of children. After adjustments were performed, the eldest children with an overjet > 3 mm were more likely to have TDI than their counterparts. The data indicated a high prevalence of TDI. Only overjet was a strong predictor for TDI, whereas socioeconomic factors were not associated with TDI in this age group.

Socioeconomic and clinical factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian preschool children.

The aim of this paper was to assess the epidemiology of traumatic dental injury (TDI) in preschool children and its relation to socioeconomic and clinical factors. This study was carried out in Santa Maria, Brazil, during National Children's Vaccination Day, and 441 children aged 12 to 59 months were included. Data about socioeconomic status were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire administered to parents. Calibrated examiners evaluated the prevalence of TDI, overjet, and lip coverage. Data were analyzed with a Poisson regression model (PR; 95% confidence intervals). The TDI prevalence was 31.7%. The maxillary central incisors were the most frequently traumatized teeth. The most common TDI was enamel fracture. No association was found between TDI prevalence and the socioeconomic status of children. After adjustments were performed, the eldest children with an overjet > 3 mm were more likely to have TDI than their counterparts. The data indicated a high prevalence of TDI. Only overjet was a strong predictor for TDI, whereas socioeconomic factors were not associated with TDI in this age group.

Influence of children's oral health-related quality of life on school performance and school absenteeism.

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the relation of child oral health-related quality of life with school performance and school absenteeism. METHODS: We followed a cross-sectional design with a multistage random sample of 312 12-year-old schoolchildren living in Brazil. The participants completed the child perceptions questionnaire (CPQ(11-14) ) that provides information about psychological factors, while their parents or guardians answered questions on their socioeconomic status measured by parents' education level and household income. A dental examination of each child provided information on the prevalence of caries and dental trauma. Data on school performance, which included the results of baseline Brazilian language (Portuguese) tests, and school absenteeism (school days missed) were obtained from the school register. Multilevel linear regression was used to investigate the association among psychological and socioeconomic status and children's school performance. RESULTS: In the multiple model, after adjusting for individual covariates, being a girl was associated with higher school performance (P < 0.05), whereas low household income (P < 0.05), higher mean of CPQ(11-14) (P < 0.05), and higher school days missed (P < 0.001) were identified as individual determinants of lower school performance. When the school-level covariates were included in the model, the association between subjects' level characteristics and school performance still persisted. CONCLUSION: Children's school performance and absence were influenced by psychological and socioeconomic conditions.

Influence of self-perceived oral health and socioeconomic predictors on the utilization of dental care services by schoolchildren

The influence of socioeconomic factors and self-rated oral health on children's dental health assistance was assessed. This study followed a cross-sectional design, with a multistage random sample of 792 12-year-old schoolchildren from Santa Maria, a city in southern Brazil. A dental examination provided information on the prevalence of dental caries (DMFT index). Data about the use of dental service, socioeconomic status, and self-perceived oral health were collected by means of structured interviews. These associations were assessed using Poisson regression models (prevalence ratio; 95 percent confidence interval). The prevalence of regular use of dental service was 47.8 percent. Children from low socioeconomic backgrounds and those who rated their oral health as "poor" used the service less frequently. The distribution of the kind of oral healthcare assistance used (public/private) varied across socioeconomic groups. The better-off children were less likely to have used the public service. Clinical, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors were strong predictors for the utilization of dental care services by schoolchildren.

Influence of self-perceived oral health and socioeconomic predictors on the utilization of dental care services by schoolchildren.

The influence of socioeconomic factors and self-rated oral health on children's dental health assistance was assessed. This study followed a cross-sectional design, with a multistage random sample of 792 12-year-old schoolchildren from Santa Maria, a city in southern Brazil. A dental examination provided information on the prevalence of dental caries (DMFT index). Data about the use of dental service, socioeconomic status, and self-perceived oral health were collected by means of structured interviews. These associations were assessed using Poisson regression models (prevalence ratio; 95% confidence interval). The prevalence of regular use of dental service was 47.8%. Children from low socioeconomic backgrounds and those who rated their oral health as "poor" used the service less frequently. The distribution of the kind of oral healthcare assistance used (public/private) varied across socioeconomic groups. The better-off children were less likely to have used the public service. Clinical, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors were strong predictors for the utilization of dental care services by schoolchildren.

Impact of socioeconomic and clinical factors on child oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL).

PURPOSE: Child oral health-related quality of life (COHRQoL) has been increasingly assessed; however, few studies appraised the influence of socioeconomic status on COHRQoL in developing countries. This study assessed the relationship of COHRQoL with socioeconomic backgrounds and clinical factors. METHODS: This study followed a cross-sectional design, with a multistage random sample of 792 schoolchildren aged 12 years, representative of Santa Maria, a southern city in Brazil. Participants completed the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ(11-14)), their parents or guardians answered questions on socioeconomic status, and a dental examination provided information on the prevalence of caries, dental trauma and occlusion. The assessment of association used hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models. RESULTS: Higher impacts on COHRQoL were observed for children presenting with untreated dental caries (RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.07-1.35) and maxillary overjet (RR 1.19; 95% CI 1.02-1.40). Socioeconomic factors also associated with COHRQoL; poorer scores were reported by children whose mothers have not completed primary education (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.17-1.44) and those with lower household income (RR 1.13; 95% CI 1.02-1.26). CONCLUSION: Poor socioeconomic standings and poor dental status have a negative impact on COHRQoL; reducing health inequalities may demand dental programmes and policies targeting deprived population.